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History of Nauvoo, Illinois
The currently known history of Nauvoo, Illinois starts with the Sauk and Fox tribes who frequented the area. They first called the area Quashquema, named in honor of the Native American chief who headed a Sauk and Fox settlement numbering nearly 500 lodges. Permanent settlement by non-natives was reportedly begun in 1824 by Captain James White. By 1827 other white settlers had built cabins in the area. By 1829 this area of Hancock County had grown sufficiently so that a post office was needed and in 1832 the town, now called Venus, was one of the contenders for the new county seat. However, the honor was awarded to a nearby city, Carthage. In 1834 the name Venus was changed to Commerce because the settlers felt that the new name better suited their plans. In late 1839, arriving Mormons bought the small town of Commerce and in April 1840 it was renamed "Nauvoo" (a Hebrew word meaning "beautiful place" or "city beautiful") by Joseph Smith, the founder of the Latter Day Saint Movement. Nauvoo grew rapidly and for a few years was one of the most populous cities in Illinois. Within two years of Joseph Smith's assassination in 1844, most of the population had departed, fleeing armed violence. Most headed west with the group led by Brigham Young.
In 1849 Icarians moved to the Nauvoo area to implement a utopian socialist commune. In the early and mid 20th century Nauvoo was primarily a Catholic town, and the majority of the population today is Catholic. Nauvoo today is an important tourist destination for Latter Day Saints (Mormons) and others who come to see the numerous restored historical buildings and visitors centers.
== Sauk and Meskwaki ==
A large village of Sauk and Meskwaki lived along the Mississippi near what is Nauvoo, established in the late 18th century; this village had as many as 1,000 lodges. In 1823 or 1824, Captain James White purchased the village from Quashquame, a Sauk leader. White gave Quashquame “a little ''sku-ti-apo'' (), and two thousand bushels of corn” for the land. Quashquame's village moved to the west side of the river, merging with an existing Sauk village near what is now Montrose, Iowa.〔Whittaker (2008) Searching for Quashquame’s Sauk and Meskwaki Village, ''Newsletter of the Iowa Archeological Society'' 58(4):1-4.〕
In 1841, Joseph Smith, Jr., living in Nauvoo, was visited by Sauk and Meskwaki from the Iowa village. "The ferryman brought over a great number on the ferry-boat and two flat boats for the purpose of visiting me. The military band and a detachment of Invincibles (part of the Legion) were on shore ready to receive and escort them to the grove, but they refused to come on shore until I went down. I accordingly went down, and met Keokuk, Kis-ku-kosh, Appenoose, and about one hundred chiefs and braves of those tribes, with their families." Smith then discussed the Mormon religion with them, followed by a feast and dancing by the Indians.〔Roberts, Brigham H., editor, (1908) ''History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, Vol 4.'' Salt Lake City:Deseret News, pp. 401–402〕
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